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Universal Credit
How it Works
Introduction
Timetable
Problem Areas
Wrongly advised to claim UC
Delays submitting claim
No bank account
Limited access to the internet
New claim closed
EEA Nationals
Carers given wrong advice
Disability related problems
Child Element for new baby delays
Housing Costs Element wrong amount
Housing Costs Element not Included
Non-dependant deductions
Deductions
Other problems
Conditionality
Claimant Commitment
Reducing what's required
What's Required?
Jobseekers
Youth Obligation
Workers
Earnings Thresholds
In Work Pilot
Short periods of sickness
Too Sick to Work
Carers
Families
Foster Carers
Students
Drug/Alcohol Issues
Domestic Violence
Homeless
Emergencies
Changes in Circumstances
Conditionality Groups
No Work Requirements
Work Focused Interviews
Work Preparation
'Full' Work Search
Going Abroad
Bereavement
Work Search
Hours Requirement
90 Minutes
Availability Requirement
Limiting the conditions
What counts?
Evidence
'Find a Job'
Sanctions
Complex Needs?
Levels
How Much
Challenging
Good Reason
Impact on HCE
Hardship Payments
Who can get one?
What is Hardship?
How to Apply?
How Much?
Repaying
Refused?
Standard Letters
Contributory Benefits
What are the contributory benefits?
What's happening to JSA & ESA?
Making a claim for JSA or ESA
New-Style JSA
New-Style ESA
Claiming UC as well?
Old Style vs New Style
Managed Migration
Transitional Protection
Who's entitled?
How Much?
How Long For
Extra protections for some
Who & When?
Time Limits
First Payment
Existing Benefits
SDP Transitional Protection
Communication
From DWP
To DWP
Consent
Explicit Consent
Definition of representative
Landlords
Landlord Portal
Risks to Landlord
Data Sharing
Apollo List
General questions and complaints
Who's who at the JC?
Monthly Assessment Periods
Passport Benefits
Free School Meals
Health Costs
School Clothing Grants
Healthy Start Vouchers
Social Fund
Watersure
Travel Costs
Legal Aid
Sure Start Maternity Grant
Funeral Payment
Cold Weather Payment
Challenging Decisions
Who can challenge
How to challenge
Notification of decision
Statement of Reasons
Mandatory Reconsideration
Couple Claims
Time Limits
Appeals
Complaints Resolution Teams
Judicial Review
Maladministration
Law and Guidance
UC Regulations
Guidance
ADM Memos
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
Case Law
EEA Nationals
Migration issues
Claims
Work Related Requirements & Sanctions
Child Elements and Child Care Costs
Capital
Earnings
Overpayments
Housing Related
Appeal Rights
UC Bulletins
2019
2018
2017
NI Legislation
NI UC Guidance
Standard Letters
Terminology
Situation
Workers
Self-Employed
Jobseekers
Limited Capability for Work
What advantages?
Who and How?
ESA to UC?
Do they have to claim UC?
How Much UC?
Told WCA overdue?
Becoming a couple with someone on UC?
Still in Assessment Phase?
Trigger for WCA?
Challenging 'Found fit' decision
ESA as income
IB/SDA to UC?
Repeat Claims
Relevant Period
Medical Assessment
UC50 Form
The Medical
Who has a LCW?
Substantial Risk
Failed to attend
Assessment Criteria
LCW
Mobilising
Standing and Sitting
Reaching
Picking Up and Moving or Transferring
Manual Dexterity
Making self understood
Understanding communication
Navigation and Maintaining Safety
Evacuation of the bowel / bladder
Consciousness during waking moments
Learning Tasks
Awareness of everyday hazards
Initiating and completing personal action
Coping with change
Getting about
Coping with social engagement
Appropriateness of behaviour
Special circumstances
Substantial Risk
LCWRA
Mobilising
Transferring from one seated position to another
Picking Up and Moving or Transferring
Understanding communication
Evacuation of the bowel / bladder
Learning tasks
Awareness of hazard
Initiating and completing personal action
Coping with change
Coping with social engagement
Appropriateness of behaviour
Conveying food / drink to the mouth
Chewing / swallowing food / drink
Special circumstances
Substantial Risk
Found Fit
LCW/LCWRA Elements
LCW: Single claimant
LCW: Couple claimant
LCW: Separated Couples
LCWRA Element
When From
Swapping Elements
Death
Permitted Earnings
Disabled Workers
Worse off on UC?
Help Pack / Letters
Hospital
Already on UC?
Making a new claim
Moving Out of Hospital
Disability
Terminal Illness
Couples
Being treated as a couple?
Families
Disabled Child
Carers
Young People
Students
In Prison/Remand
Single
Couple
Regulations
Children
Non-dependants
Examples
Homeless / rough sleepers
People from Abroad
Main Principles
Claims Process
NI Number
Leave to remain
Habitual Residence Test
Right to Reside
British Citizens
Dual Nationality
Couples
EEA or Non EEA?
Non EEA Nationals
Who can claim?
Leave to Remain
Refugees
Other Types of Leave
Commonwealth
Domestic Violence
Family Member of EEA
Who can't claim?
Immigration Status Test
No Leave to Remain
Asylum Seeker
Limited Leave to Remain
No Recourse to Public Funds
Sponsorship
Issues for Couples
Residence Documents
EEA Nationals
What to Ask
Flowchart
Who can claim?
Who can't claim?
Habitual Residence Test
Settled Status
Right to Reside
A2, A8 and Croatian Nationals
Residence Permits
Turkey & Macedonia
EEA Situation
Settled Status
Permanent residence
5 Year Rule
Retired
Long Term Sick
Via Family Member
PR Card
Worker status
Employed
Self Employed
Genuine & Effective
Retained Worker Status
Pregnancy Related Illness & Maternity
Unfit for work
Long Term Sick
Temporarily Sick
Job seeker
GPOW Test
Refused UC?
Couples / Family Members
Who is a Family Member?
Dependency
Divorced/ Separated/ Violence
Death
Moved From UK
No Longer Qualify
Family Member of British Citizen
Child in Education
Student
Self sufficient
Couples
Refused UC?
Definitions
Law & Guidance
Post Brexit
What should an EEA national do now?
Settled Status
What does 'Continuously resident' mean?
Family members
What if.....?
How to apply?
EEA Help Pack
Settled Status
Currently Working?
Ever worked?
Child in Education?
Family Member in UK?
Lived in UK 5 years+ ?
EEA Help Pack Letters
Claims
Previously on UC?
SDP Gateway Condition
What are the rules?
Who gets the SDP?
Couples
Not getting it but entitled?
Taking advantage of the rules
How does it work?
Making sure claimants don't miss out
Wrongly claimed UC?
What the Regulations say
FAQs
Who Can Claim
Basic Conditions
Age
Claimant Commitment
Excluded
In GB
Income / Savings
Three+ Children
SDP Gateway condition
Young People
16 & 17 Year Olds
Care Leavers
Students
Which Students Can Claim?
Disabled Students
Definition of Student
Examples
Prisoners/Remand
People from Abroad
Appointees
Power of Attorney
Court of Protection
One claim per household
Help available
Who Has To Claim
'Triggers'
Moving Home
Help Available
Large Families
Mixed Age couples
What is a mixed age couple?
Rules from May 2019
Already on Pension Credit and/or HB?
Protecting MACs already on PC or HB
Moving Home
2 week HB run-on
Can get claim for PC or HB backdated
Been on IR-ESA, IB-JSA or IS?
Working age to Mixed age Couple
Single to Couple
MACs and SDP Gateway
Two sets of Housing Benefit Regulations
Comparing Pension Credit & Housing Benefit to UC
Pensioner Premium
Worse off examples
Take Up Campaign
Standard Letters
Wrongly Advised to Claim
Who is Being Wrongly Advised to Claim?
Move within LA
Tax Credits
Mixed Age Couples
Moving into 'Specified accommodation'
Claiming a Contributory Benefit
Challenging an ESA found fit decision
Why does it matter?
Ending a Claim
Claiming Compensation
How to Claim
Registering an intention to claim
Couples
Online
'Offline' claims
Claiming from hospital
New Claim Interview
Claimant Commitment
What is it?
Does everyone have to have one?
What does it include?
how to accept
Cooling off period
Second opinion
couples
reviewing a claimant commitment
Failing to accept claimant commitment
ID Verification
gov.uk verify
ID interview
Biographical Test
Fails to attend ID Interview
Fails to provide photo ID
Claim closed as failed to prove ID
Information & Evidence
What's Needed
National Insurance No
Evidence
Rent Verification
Self-Employed?
Failing to Provide Evidence
Checklists
Re-Claims
Mental Capacity
Help Available
No bank account?
Date of Claim
Advance Claims
When to delay claim
Getting a Claim Backdated
Existing Benefits
Housing Benefit
Income Support
IB-JSA
Tax Credits
Council Tax Support
'Overlapping' payments
ESA to UC
Conditionality
What then?
Claim Closed?
Failed to attend new claim interview
Failed to attend ID interview
Failing to accept claimant commitment
Failing to Provide Evidence
What should they do?
Keeping a claim going
Change in Circs
Self-Employed?
Info / Evidence requested?
Annual Verification
Lost login details?
Help Available
Complex Needs
Definition
What help?
How identified?
Problems?
Reasonable adjustments
Help to Claim Service
Home Visits
Other
Personal Budgeting Support
Standard Letters
How Much
How Calculated
Elements/Needs
Standard Allowance
Child Element
Definitions
Change in Circs
No Child Benefit in payment
Disabled Child Element
Limited Capability for Work/Related Activities Element
Housing Costs Element
Carer Element
Child Care Element
The work condition
The childcare costs condition
The payment condition
The notification condition
How Much
How changes affect help with childcare
The Regulations
Problem Areas
Two Child Limit
Exceptions
Multiple Births
Adoption
Non-parental caring
Non-consensual sex
Order of Children
Interaction with Benefit Cap
Scrapped plans
Self-Employed
Income
How income affects UC
Whose income counts?
Earnings
Employed Earnings
What Counts?
Net Earnings
Verification/RTI
Monthly Assessments
Frequency of wages
Weekly wages
Fortnightly wages
4 weekly wages
Monthly wages
Wages paid early
Employer reported late
Two months wages paid in one MAP
Information for employers
Self-Employed Earnings
Income
Expenses
Losses
Start Up Period
Minimum Income Floor
Gainfully Self-Employed?
Work Allowance
Fluctuating Earnings
Starting/Finishing Work
Surplus Earnings
Benefits
Retirement Pensions
Other Income
Notional Income
Students
Problem Areas
Savings/Capital
Impact on Award
What's Disregarded
What counts
Property
Valuation
Notional/Deprivation
Benefit Cap
How it works
Cap Limit
Who's Affected
Guardians
How calculated
Impact
Minimising Impact
Legal Challenges
Sanctions
Deductions
Maximising
Elements
Housing Costs
Timing
Better off on UC?
Worse off on UC?
Standard Letters
Payments
Main Principles
How Paid?
Advance Payments
Benefit Transfer Advance
New Claim Advance
Change in Circs Advance
Budgeting Advances
Repayment Cap
Fraudulent Claims
1st Payment
Delays
Missing payment?
Alternative Payment Arrangements
Needing Support
Twice Monthly
To Landlord
Trusted Partner / Landlord Portal
When can they be made?
How do you apply
When Paid
How Much Should be Paid?
Arrears Still Increasing
APA Stopped?
Switchback
DHP for Benefit Cap?
FAQs
Split Payments
Scotland
Northern Ireland
Deductions
What for / Priorities?
How Much
Sanctions
Fraud Penalties
Advance Payments
Third Party Deductions
TPDs for Rent Arrears
TPDs for Arrears on Supported Housing
TPDs for Ineligible Service Charges
TPDs for Water Arrears
TPDs for Court Fines
TPDs for Council Tax
Child Support Payments
Hardship Payments
Benefit Overpayments
Civil Penalties
Causing Hardship?
Stopped?
Suspended
Terminated
Overpayments
Main Principles
From Landlord?
From Claimant?
Fraud Penalty
Civil Penalty
Recoverable?
What should the DWP do?
Challenging Decisions
Hardship Payments
Standard Letters
Housing Costs
Problem Areas
50% Housing Costs
Non-Dep Deduction wrongly taken
No Housing Costs Element in award
Supported Housing
New baby
Service charges
Who cannot get help
What's Covered
Rent
Home Owners
Service Charges
Size Criteria
Who gets a bedroom?
Special Groups
Temporary Absences
Bedroom Tax rules
LHA rules
April 2017 Changes
Previously on HB?
Non-dependant Deductions
What are they?
When is no deduction made?
How Much?
Minimising Deductions
Temporary Stay?
Non-dep or Lodger?
Students
Non-Dep Change in Circs
Temporary Absences
Joint Tenants
Non-Dep Couples
Paying Board
Untidy Tenancy?
Non-dependant Deductions
Liability
Treated as Liable
Treated as Not Liable
Mental Capacity
Occupation
Fleeing Violence
In Prison/Remand
In a Bail Hostel
Abroad
Hospital/Respite
Decant/Repairs
Other Absence
Two Homes
Moving Home
Social Housing
How Much?
Service Charges
Rent Free Weeks
53 week rent year
Bedroom Tax
How It Works
Size Criteria
What is a Bedroom?
Couples
Access to child
Disabled Child
Carer
Foster Carer
Armed Forces Non-Dep
Student Non-Dep
Away From Home?
Two Child Limit
How Much is Deducted?
Excluded
Non-couple joint tenants
Death
Minimising Impact
When to Challenge
Size of Room
Use of Room
Panic Room
Couples
Disabled Adult?
Access to Child
Overnight Carer
DHPs
Student Non-Dep
Human Rights
How to Challenge
Case Law
April 2017 Changes
Differences to HB
Non-dependant Deductions
Unreasonably high rent
Temporary Accommodation
Proposed LHA 'Cap'
Supported Housing
Specified Accommodation
Definition
Moving In
Moving Out
Problems getting HB?
Two Homes
What about floating support?
Intensive Housing Management
Temporary Accommodation
Sheltered Housing
Supported Housing Review
In Rent Arrears?
Temporary Accommodation
Definition
Moving In
Moving Out
Benefit Cap
Old rules
Joint Tenants
Private Rented
How Much
LHA Rules
Under 35's
Home Ownership
What Help Is Given?
Which Loans Count?
How Much help?
Standard Interest
Service Charges
Shared-Ownership
From When?
How to get it
How Long For?
Paying back the loan
Changing from SMI to loan
Service Charges
Category A
Category B
Category C
Category D
Ineligible Charges
Intensive Housing Management
Excessive Charges
Variable Service Charges
Problem Areas
Disputes
Discretionary Housing Payments
Differences to HB
Standard Letters
Changes in Circs
Notification
What
Who
How
When/Time Limits
What next?
Civil penalty
Monthly Assessment Periods
Change in law
Household Changes
Single to Couple
Couple to Single
New Baby
Death
Child Care
Comings and Goings
Key age changes
Pension Credit Age
Working Age
Children / Young People
Income/Savings Changes
Finishing Work
Starting Work
Starting Self-Employment
Wages
Qualifying Benefit Awarded
Savings/Capital
Becoming Sick
Found Fit
Caring Responsibilities
Regular and Substantial
Relevant Carer
Claimant Comittment
Carer Element
Getting it backdated
Impact on disabled person
Claim Carer's Allowance?
Rent Changes
Temporary Absence
Fleeing Violence
Prison / Remand
Going Abroad
Hospital / Respite
Decants
Other Absence
6 month rule
Moving Home
Moving to rented
Moving to non-rented
Mixed age couples
APA in place?
Awaiting adaptations?
In from hospital / care home
Differences to HB
Moving to specified accommodation
Moving from specified accommodation
Moving to temporary accommodation
Moving from temporary accommodation
Standard Letters
Housing Benefit
Claims & Payments
Claimed Universal Credit?
What happens
Two week HB Run-on
Getting back on HB
Gap between HB and UC?
Who Can Claim
Need to claim UC instead?
Wrongly told need to claim UC
Age
Prove Identity
Pay 'rent'
Live in property
Not excluded
People from Abroad
Students
On a Passport Benefit
Studying Part Time
Lone Parent
'Disabled' Students
Pension Credit Age
Non-Advanced Education
Couples
Care Leavers
Taken Advantage
Previously Owner
On Universal Credit
Income/Savings
Appointees
Power of Attorney
Court of Protection
Shared Owner
When would a move trigger a claim for UC?
Specified / Temporary accommodation
Mixed age couples
Overview
What is a mixed age couple?
Rules from May 2019
Already on Pension Credit and/or HB?
Protecting MACs already on PC or HB
Moving Home
2 week HB run-on
Can get claim for PC or HB backdated
Been on IR-ESA, IB-JSA or IS?
Working age to Mixed age Couple
Single to Couple
MACs and SDP Gateway
Two sets of Housing Benefit Regulations
Comparing Pension Credit & Housing Benefit to UC
Pensioner Premium
Worse off examples
Take Up Campaign
Standard Letters
What if younger member can't claim UC?
SDP Gateway Condition
What are the rules?
Who gets the SDP?
Couples
Not getting it but entitled?
Taking advantage of the rules
How does it work?
Making sure claimants don't miss out
Wrongly claimed UC?
What the Regulations say
FAQs
How to Claim
New claim needed?
Getting it right
via Job Centre
Rapid Reclaim
On Pension Credit
Log Claim Over Phone
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Joint tenants
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is it Reasonable?
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1996 Rules
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Appropriateness of behaviour
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Mobilising
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Payments on Account
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Hostels
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Service Charges
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Bedroom Tax
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Joint Tenants
Non-Dependant Deductions
Rent Free Weeks
Supported Housing
Rent Restrictions
Service Charges
What's Eligible?
What's Not?
Intensive Housing Management
Excessive Charges
Water
Fuel
Gardening
Garages etc
Stair Lifts etc
Meals
Bedroom Tax
How It Works
Size Criteria
What is a Bedroom?
Couples
Disabled Child
Carer
Foster Carer
Armed Forces Non-Dep
Student Non-Dep
Away From Home?
How Much is Deducted?
Excluded
Protected
Protection on Death
13 Week Protection
Minimising Impact
When to Challenge
Size of Room
Use of Room
Panic Room
Couples
Disabled Adult?
Access to Child
Overnight Carer
Human Rights
DHPs
Student Non-Dep
1996 Rules
How to Challenge
Case Law
April 2017 Changes
Moving to UC?
Local Housing Allowance
How It Works
Who's Affected?
Who's Protected?
Who Needs a Bedroom?
Shared Accommodation Rate
How Much Deducted
How Paid
Difficulties Paying
Unlikely to Pay
Social 'LHA' Cap
Non-Dependant Deductions
What are they?
How Much
Amounts
Tenant Disabled?
For Joint Tenants
Couple Non-deps
Working Non-Dep
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Non-Dep on UC
Non-Dep no income
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Non-Dep Armed Forces
Elderly Non-Dep
Temporary Stay
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When no deduction
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Temporary Stay
Two Homes
Temporary Absences
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Elderly Claimant
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Moving In/Out
Starting/Finishing Work
Off Work Sick?
JSA/ESA/UC Sanction
Claiming ESA
In Hospital
Prison/Remand
Highest deduction taken
Non-Dep or Lodger?
Can a DHP Help?
Lodgers
Applicable Amount
How it works
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Personal Allowance
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Two Child Limit
Exceptions
Multiple Births
Adoption
Non-Parental Caring
Non-Consensual Sex
Order of Children
Family Premium
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Work Related Activity Component
Support Component
Enhanced Disability Premium
Severe Disability Premium
Carers Premium
Missing a Premium?
Income
How it Works
Whose Income Counts?
Earnings
What Counts?
Expenses
Overtime
Fluctuating Earnings
Arrears of Earnings
Permitted Earnings
Earnings Disregards
Child Care Costs
LA RTI
Benefit Income
Tax Credits
New claim for TC
Change in TC award
Payment Periods
Arrears of Tax Credits
TC Reduced due to overpayment
Two Child Limit
Finishing work
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Nil Income
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Student Income
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How It Works
What Counts as Capital?
What's Disregarded?
Personal Injury Payments
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Spent/ Given Away
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How It Works
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Guardians
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Changes in Circumstances
Minimising Impact
On UC?
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Changes in Circs
What happens - procedure?
Award of 'Qualifying Benefit'
Time Limits
Informing HB Office
Claimant Duty
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How to Notify
On Pension Credit
Fraud
HB Suspended
What's Changed?
Moving Home
Specified accommodation
Temporary accommodation
Moving onto Universal Credit
Changes in Income
Starting / Ending Work
Extended Payment / Run-On
Household Changes
New Baby/Child
Key Birthdays
Comings and Goings
Death
Going Abroad
Rent Changes
Temporary absences
Case Law
Recent Queries
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Overpayments
Good Practice
Reducing Impact on Rent Account
Is it an Overpayment?
Claim for UC
Why Overpaid?
Change in Circs
Death
Tenancy Ends
Errors in Rent
Tax Credits
Payments on Account
Official Error
Multiple Causes
How Much?
Correct Dates?
Underlying Entitlement
Diminishing Capital
Civil Penalty
Fraud Penalty
Is it Recoverable?
Who caused it?
Official Error
Landlords Must Pay
'Old' Overpayments
Discretion Not to Recover
Notification Issues
Recovered From?
The Claimant
The Claimant's Partner
The Landlord
When?
Before You Repay
Repayment Agreement
Tenancy Termination
Abandonment
Errors in Rent
Changed Target?
Is it Rent Arrears?
How Can it be Recovered?
From Claimant
On-going HB Award
Arrears of HB Due
Claimant's Partner
Other Methods
Bankrupt or DRO
Housing Association
Invoice
Blameless Tenant
Council / ALMO Landlord
Moving Home
Notification
Who to Notify
What to Include
Inadequate Notification
When Should Recovery Start
Challenging Decisions
By Landlord
Right of Appeal?
What to Challenge?
Former Tenant
By Claimant
Time Limits
General Decisions
Fraud
Case Law
Recent Queries
Standard Letters
Challenging Decisions
Who can challenge?
What to Challenge?
Challenging General Issues
Negotiate Instead
How to Challenge?
In Writing
Statement of Reasons
Burden of Proof
Using Case Law
No Decision Yet?
Revisions
Appeals
Official Errors
Time Limits
Judicial Review
Law and Guidance
Case Law
Claims and Payments
Exempt Accommodation
Rent Issues
How Much
General
Bedroom Tax
Local Housing Allowance
Rent Restrictions 'Old'
Service Charges
Household
Non-Dependants
Family Members
Applicable Amount
Income
Savings
Change in Circs
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HB Stopped
Challenging HB
People From Abroad
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People from Abroad
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NI Number
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Habitual Residence Test
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British Citizens
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EEA or Non EEA?
Non EEA Nationals
Who can claim?
Leave to Remain
Refugees
Other Types of Leave
Commonwealth
Domestic Violence
Family Member of EEA
Who can't claim?
Immigration Status Test
No Leave to Remain
Asylum Seeker
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No Recourse to Public Funds
Sponsorship
Issues for Couples
Residence Permit
EEA Nationals
What to Ask
Flowchart
Who can claim?
Who can't claim?
Habitual Residence Test
Right to Reside
Settled Status
A2 and A8
Turkey & Macedonia
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EEA Situation
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5 Year Rule
Retired
Long Term Sick
Via Family Member
PR Card
Worker status
Employed
Self Employed
Genuine & Effective
Retained Worker Status
Pregnancy Related Illness & Maternity
Unfit for work
Long Term Sick
Temporarily Sick
Job seeker
GPOW Test
Refused HB?
Couples / Family Members
Who is a Family Member?
Dependency
Divorced/ Separated/ Violence
Death
Moved From UK
No Longer Qualify
Family Member of British Citizen
Child in Education
Student
Self sufficient
Refused HB?
Definitions
Case Law
Recent Queries
Standard Letters
Challenging Decisions: Law and Guidance: Case Law
Click on the links below for case law relating to that issue.
Claims and Payments
Exempt Accommodation
Rent issues
How Much
Change in Circs
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HB Stopped
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People From Abroad
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